What are the new media
Finally hands (brain) came to find the answer to one of the most interesting question for me - what is new media. In reality the answer you will not find in the Russian-language Internet. Wikipedia is silent about it, so-called "experts" are confused about the concepts, projects using new technologies do not identify themselves with the new media. So I just take an article from English Wikipedia, and try it a little rework, somewhere supplement, somewhere easier, as it is written clearly not mere users:) will try to understand together!
Let's start with the fact that new media and social media - are different concepts, although having much in common. Social Media I think I will discuss later, there are a lot of interesting things.
New media - a term signifying the emergence of digital, computer, information, networking and communications at the end of XX century. Thus, one of the key words here - "digital".
Until the 1980's. media were based on analog broadcasting and print models, such as television or radio. In the past 25 years we have witnessed the rapid transformation of media by the advent of computers, electronic games and the Internet. But these things by themselves do not characterize the new media, because after some time digital television and online publications are considered "traditional". Classic is traditional media began to gradually grow into new technologies such as digital image processing before publication in the newspapers, for example.
The Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission, defines the new media: "Any media products, is interactive and distributed by digital methods." Thus, they share traditional and new media by the criterion of accessibility and means of delivery to the end consumer. The Commission also stresses the importance of the Internet in the development of new media, because it allows for the transfer of certain information, text, video, audio and pictures simultaneously.
At the same time there are tendencies to confusion "new media" and "digital media". Indeed, they use the same means of encoding information - digital. But in film and sound industry also encode information that does not make a fresh song of Dima Bilan's example of "new media":) Although it can be argued that the concept of "digital media" incorporates the notion of "new media" (as well as social media are part of the new).
There are other points of view on this issue. For example, Russell Newman (W. Russell Neuman) agrees that the new media:
- Deprecates the geographical distances.
- To significantly increase net ties and intensify communication.
- Provide opportunities to expedite communications.
- Provide opportunities for interactive communication.
- You can connect that have recently been partially overlap or lie in a completely different plane.
But this is interesting. Scientists Douglas Kellner (Douglas Kellner) and James Baughman (James Bohman) say that new media, and particularly the Internet, providing the potential for democratic postmodern public sphere in which citizens can participate fully in public debate, with full access to information. This so-called social significance of new media
Globalization and new media
As a result of technology development of new media began globalization, which is usually called the "expansion of the various activities for the usual boundaries of states and nations." Globalization reduces the distance between people around the world through electronic communications. There was a "death of distance". New media is radically sever the link between physical space where the people and social space, social issues, in which it rotates. So, we communicate and interact with other people on the sites are physically raspololozhennyh in various corners of the Earth.
Virtual communities are formed online and apply regardless of the geographical and social boundaries. These communities are in fact self-regulatory networks that operate on the same principles as the real society. People in the community interact, discuss, relax, work, earn, consume goods, fall in love at last! Line identity of the person becomes his alter ego, and very often a substitute for real, that is, people feel more full-fledged web, and not real life. And the new media contribute to the formation of connections between people with similar interests, that is, virtualization is only increasing.
Most researchers agree that problem with the fact that while the media are subject to the logic of mass consumption society, which puts the conformism above identity, new media, the logic of postindustrial society, where everyone creates his own life style, choose the tools and the ideology of any liked, or create your own reality!
New media as a tool for social change
Hardly anyone knows that the Army of National Liberation in Mexico (about them I think to write a separate post) was the first significant movement, which has been widely and effectively use technology in new media since 1994! Since then, new media is used extensively socially-oriented movements for education, organizations, cultural exchange, etc.
I think only lazy people do not know about the global initiative Indymedia, which promotes the idea of free information, which is now one of the most debated aspects of new media.
Radicals believe that new media can be a powerful tool for social change in society, while more moderate analysts emphasize the charitable and social significance of this phenomenon, which puts the first place is not capital, but a man.
Naturally, not everyone is convinced of the crucial role of new media for social change. In addition, we must acknowledge that there are tools that have not yet described by scientists and researchers.
National security
Security Agency of various countries are seriously concerned over the increasing influence of new media and related cybercrime. These agencies now changing tactics to prevent such crimes and tuned to the new technical possibilities offered by new technologies. For example, cyber criminals are almost always careful to cover their tracks, can be inattentive when using social networks and to reserve the evidence. Terrorist organizations use new media as a conduit of their ideas. Professor Marc Lynch (Marc Lynch, Ph.D., Cornell University) notes that sites with content generated by users is more important in recruiting than traditional television and print media.
Interactivity and new media
Interactivity has become a key moment in the ideology of new media. It was a result of extremely rapid growth of access points to the Internet, digitalization of media and media convergence (convergence, merging the various aspects of media). Even in 1984, the new media were identified as communication technologies, which provide interactivity such as user and user-interactivity between the user and information. Similarly, the Internet has changed the model of "one to many" to "many to many". Everyone now, having minimal technical equipment, can create their own media publication in any form - text, audio, video, images. Thus, new media, changing patterns of communication in society, and radically alter the way in which we communicate with each other. Vin Crosbie (Vin Crosbie) in the "What is new media?" Distinguishes three types of communications media. According to him, interpersonal media is a type of "one to one", the media is "one to many", and finally, new media is a type of "many to many".
Interactivity is present at forums, where you can lay a thorough three-storey over sharp judgments, it is present in video games. It is impossible to circumvent radio and television, where there is a possibility of interaction with the viewer or listener in real time.
Thus, while interactivity is one of the key points in understanding new media, we must recognize that different forms of media have different forms of interactivity, plus not all digital media is interactive. And for example, digital television, where viewers can select channels for viewing, can be called interactive, but not related to new media. I hope you grasp the essence.
Maybe for some people it may seem unusual, but at the forefront of new media today are massively multiplayer online games like World of Warcraft or Second Life. These games allow users to forge relationships, to acquire a unique experience, select the types and forms of information, in the end - to create around themselves their own reality!
Industry
New media industry is closely connected with many market segments, such as the development of computer and video games, television, radio, advertising and marketing. These segments are closely linked through the Internet, with it being implemented and vzaimodeytsvie with information consumers. Advertising industry is well profit from new media by the so-called "interactive advertising". In some cases, advertising agencies create special departments to study and use of new media. PR companies in the West was no longer using only traditional tools. New media have become full-fledged industry with its own market, professionals and segmentation.
The main thing is to pretend that this article - it makes us think. You've read about many aspects of new media, a number of approaches to this issue, but what is surprising - no one answered the main question of this post! Because it is impossible to cover such a vast phenomenon of one article. But I have yet ripe one definition, which I still will take copyright. You can use it if someone asks what the new media.
New Media - an alliance of interactive communication technologies and digital methods of information delivery, in which the principal broker is the Internet.
Do you have a different opinion? In the studio!
Original article: Wikipedia
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Hello everybody, my name is Igor,
am now in Belarus.
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If the article would have been even classification / description of the main types of new media, I would have to show it when it is necessary to explain this term.
@ Oleksandr: Yes, I am now myself pondering over the continuation of which would have been more specific. This paper is a brief introduction, an attempt to get to think, because the term, in general, for the Russian language, unusual and new. And with the introduction of new terminology should be very careful. I therefore, for a start, so to speak, I want it "rassmakovat":) and give another taste, and then - try to get deeper into the subject. In any case, many people interested in this matter and it simply is vital to cover!
Excellent article! I also tried to answer the same question, but looked the other hand. If interested - http://mashtakov.livejournal.com/948.html
Thanks for the link! If I may, I have reprinted your article in my blog, all still at it though, and a small but very interested audience, dealing with such things not only in theory.
Well, or a reference to an extreme case of the ladies;)
Most would be glad of your annotations and link. I'll do the same about your article in itself:)
new media start with a book by Lev Manovich "The language of new media. (Manovich - The languege of new media). there classification and differences from the traditional. at the meeting will share :-)
It can make a presentation What is new media? :) On baykempe
Igor,
http://bycamp.org/presentation/99 - announcement of my presentation on this theme:)